Export restrictions are seen as a wake-up call to establish their own value chains.

Could strengthen domestic clean energy industry but impede EV adoption rate.

Technologies surrounding neodymium and other rare earth elements may no longer be exported.

World’s third-largest producer could find new uses for coal beyond power plant feedstock.

China dominates the market because of its holistic approach to the whole value chain, from mining to selling the final car, authors claim.

The Central Asian country produces 18 out of 34 minerals classified as critical by the EU.