The subcontinent aims to diversify its resource sources for its growing economy, while the Gulf state possesses largely untapped mineral deposits.
China has expanded its list of raw materials subject to export controls, according to a statement from the Ministry of Commerce on Tuesday.
At a press conference in the Oval Office, the U.S. President floated raw materials access as a condition for further support.
The treaty promises closer bilateral relations as well as more cooperation on critical minerals.
The measure aims to boost domestic production and raw material supply. Last year, the country already removed tariffs on several critical minerals.
The island nation has released a national minerals strategy and a list of 37 resources considered critical to its economic prosperity.